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Paper 2
CPU, Memory, and Storage
Both
Know the CPU cycle and memory roles clearly.
Key Facts
- Clock speed and number of cores affect CPU performance.
- RAM is cleared when power is off.
- Virtual memory uses secondary storage to extend RAM.
- SSDs are faster and more durable than HDDs.
Topics Covered
CPU Architecture
What you need to know
- •CPU includes ALU, control unit, and registers.
- •The fetch-decode-execute cycle drives processing.
Exam Tips
- Explain what happens at each stage of the cycle.
Memory
What you need to know
- •RAM is volatile; ROM is non-volatile.
- •Cache memory speeds up repeated access.
Exam Tips
- Use examples like boot instructions stored in ROM.
Secondary Storage
What you need to know
- •HDDs use magnetic storage, SSDs use flash memory.
- •Optical and magnetic storage have different uses.
Exam Tips
- Compare speed, cost, and durability in answers.
Embedded Systems
What you need to know
- •Embedded systems are dedicated to one task.
- •They often run real-time processes.
Exam Tips
- Use examples like washing machines or traffic lights.
Key Terms
ALU
Arithmetic logic unit that performs calculations.
register
Small, fast storage inside the CPU.
cache
Small memory that stores frequently used data.
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Common Exam Questions
Explain two reasons why cache memory improves performance.
4 marksmediumPaper 2
Model Answer
Cache stores frequently used data close to the CPU, reducing access time and bottlenecks.
What examiners want to see
- ✓Faster access
- ✓Reduced CPU waiting
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